Docker 常用命令
1. 参数¶
[root@localhost ~]# docker --help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
常用的指令
| 指令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| ls | 列出镜像 |
| build | 构建镜像来自Dockerfile |
| history | 查看镜像历史 |
| inspect | 显示一个或多个镜像详细信息 |
| pull | 从镜像仓库拉取镜像 |
| push | 推送一个镜像到镜像仓库 |
| rm | 移除一个或多个镜像 |
| prune | 移除未使用的镜像。没有被标记或被任何容器引用的。 |
| tag | 创建一个引用源镜像标记目标镜像 |
| export | 导出容器文件系统到tar归档文件 |
| import | 导入容器文件系统tar归档文件创建镜像 |
| save | 保存一个或多个镜像到一个tar归档文件 |
| load | 加载镜像来自tar归档或标准输入 |
1.1 查看容器¶
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
操作
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED 6cdfdebc0d56 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago
1.2 查看镜像¶
docker image ls
操作
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED S nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 1
1.3 查看历史¶
docker history nginx
操作
[root@localhost ~]# docker history nginx IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT bb776ce48575 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx… 22B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && apt-get update && apt… 54MB <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=1.15.11.0… 0B <missing> 3 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.15.11… 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:4fc310c0cb879c876… 55.3MB
1.4 镜像详情¶
docker image inspect nginx
操作
[root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect --help
Usage: docker image inspect [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Display detailed information on one or more images
Options:
-f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template
[root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect nginx
[
{
"Id": "sha256:bb776ce48575796501bcc53e511563116132b789ab0552d520513da8c738cba2",
"RepoTags": [
"nginx:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"nginx@sha256:c6bcc3f6f4dfee535dc0cbdaa7f32901727dd93f92c8a45eacd5c6a6d080a9ad"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2019-04-10T21:22:15.797870505Z",
"Container": "72c77d6abc2dc476d5ed0331239cbcab1c26019a28f6bd7941158acd55a4c4ff",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "72c77d6abc2d",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.15.11-1~stretch",
"NJS_VERSION=1.15.11.0.3.0-1~stretch"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:8ecbd4eb2e99de8e73ae47a97f843860ac7127c1c39baf150f0943fd5e4bfbc3",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.15.11-1~stretch",
"NJS_VERSION=1.15.11.0.3.0-1~stretch"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:8ecbd4eb2e99de8e73ae47a97f843860ac7127c1c39baf150f0943fd5e4bfbc3",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 109294563,
"VirtualSize": 109294563,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b52d2bc3589c04658e834d2ad9480edb1d07ceb9c964f8c8789362b5893f3d66/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/78f939f67ca4017de179f33f8ee9d7085f1082ae
e5018efbc0f656936afcb91f/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a1c121b73464b321a93c7ec2c09ae4c0c1ac5d7e3819a7f5a24cf30990c291a4/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a1c121b73464b321a93c7ec2c09ae4c0c1ac5d7e3819a7f5a24cf30990c291a4/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a1c121b73464b321a93c7ec2c09ae4c0c1ac5d7e3819a7f5a24cf30990c291a4/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:5dacd731af1b0386ead06c8b1feff9f65d9e0bdfec032d2cd0bc03690698feda",
"sha256:b0a13438d0d39cb4d9d355a0618247f94b97a38208c8a2a4f3d7d7f06378acb2",
"sha256:19d384dcffcccd44d9f475ed776358a81fb05e7948249bb50f8d7784e0f0f433"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
1.5 下载镜像¶
docker pull centos:7
操作
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos:7 7: Pulling from library/centos Digest: sha256:8d487d68857f5bc9595793279b33d082b03713341ddec91054382641d14db861 Status: Image is up to date for centos:7 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB centos 7 9f38484d220f 4 weeks ago 202MB
1.6 上传镜像¶
暂时没有参考，后面在写。类似如下：
docker push dockerhub.xx.com/xxx/ubuntu:16.04
1.7 删除镜像¶
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root [root@localhost ~]# docker image rm -f nginx Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:c6bcc3f6f4dfee535dc0cbdaa7f32901727dd93f92c8a45eacd5c6a6d080a9ad [root@localhost ~]#
1.8 移除为使用镜像¶
移除的镜像是，么有容器基于这个镜像。
[root@localhost ~]# docker image prune WARNING! This will remove all dangling images. Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y Total reclaimed space: 0B [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB centos 7 9f38484d220f 4 weeks ago 202MB [root@localhost ~]# docker image prune -a WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them. Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y Deleted Images: untagged: centos:7 untagged: centos@sha256:2dc7ed6df9dcfa3e0129d8613a1e1b17f5683425d8fe81dd0c4166e6c211ac9f untagged: centos@sha256:8d487d68857f5bc9595793279b33d082b03713341ddec91054382641d14db861 deleted: sha256:9f38484d220fa527b1fb19747638497179500a1bed8bf0498eb788229229e6e1 deleted: sha256:d69483a6face4499acb974449d1303591fcbb5cdce5420f36f8a6607bda11854 untagged: nginx:latest deleted: sha256:bb776ce48575796501bcc53e511563116132b789ab0552d520513da8c738cba2 deleted: sha256:43e4bf6ebb72bc17f5f35af0ace5e5d5db31b2b631fac2cca3d4be2420ca9758 deleted: sha256:2ceeec5cb749c4154ae2390bc3e0c2a4dee8663ca7012ca37a293734de83d498 deleted: sha256:5dacd731af1b0386ead06c8b1feff9f65d9e0bdfec032d2cd0bc03690698feda Total reclaimed space: 311.1MB [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
1.9 打tag¶
将镜像nginx标记为 caimengzhi_nginx 镜像。
[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB [root@localhost ~]# docker tag nginx caimengzhi_nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE caimengzhi_nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB
1.10 容器导入导出¶
导出某个容器，非常简单，使用docker export命令，语法：docker export $container_id > 容器快照名
[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE caimengzhi_nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB [root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd -p88:80 caimengzhi_nginx 8670f902dc094eb1de78eeccac90a4618ab59a8ba787e6da6324589c1039daa7 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8670f902dc09 caimengzhi_nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp compassionate_gates [root@localhost ~]# docker export 8670f902dc09 > caimengzhi_nginx.tar [root@localhost ~]# du -sh caimengzhi_nginx.tar 107M caimengzhi_nginx.tar
caimengzhi_nginx.tar的容器快照。
导入某个容器，有了容器快照之后，我们可以在想要的时候随时导入。导入快照使用docker import命令。
[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB [root@localhost ~]# cat caimengzhi_nginx.tar | docker import - caimengzhi_nginx sha256:a2855f206c05c76a2ef1bc369b24dded80df110bf4fef27e2f5107633be1226b [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE caimengzhi_nginx latest a2855f206c05 1 second ago 108MB nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB
1.11 保存¶
[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx>nginx.tar [root@localhost ~]# du -sh nginx.tar 108M nginx.tar You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root [root@localhost ~]# docker image rm -f nginx Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:c6bcc3f6f4dfee535dc0cbdaa7f32901727dd93f92c8a45eacd5c6a6d080a9ad [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6cdfdebc0d56 bb776ce48575 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp youthful_saha [root@localhost ~]# docker container rm -f 6cdfdebc0d56 6cdfdebc0d56 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE <none> <none> bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB centos 7 9f38484d220f 4 weeks ago 202MB [root@localhost ~]# docker image rm -f bb776ce48575 Deleted: sha256:bb776ce48575796501bcc53e511563116132b789ab0552d520513da8c738cba2 Deleted: sha256:43e4bf6ebb72bc17f5f35af0ace5e5d5db31b2b631fac2cca3d4be2420ca9758 Deleted: sha256:2ceeec5cb749c4154ae2390bc3e0c2a4dee8663ca7012ca37a293734de83d498 Deleted: sha256:5dacd731af1b0386ead06c8b1feff9f65d9e0bdfec032d2cd0bc03690698feda [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos 7 9f38484d220f 4 weeks ago 202MB [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos 7 9f38484d220f 4 weeks ago 202MB [root@localhost ~]# docker load < nginx.tar 5dacd731af1b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 58.45MB/58.45MB b0a13438d0d3: Loading layer [==================================================>] 54.55MB/54.55MB 19d384dcffcc: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image: nginx:latest [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest bb776ce48575 3 days ago 109MB centos 7 9f38484d220f 4 weeks ago 202MB